某垃圾处理PPP项目结算纠纷案例分析

应广大法律同仁的要求，将陆续发表本人处理的有关基础设施投资、建设和运营合同纠纷的仲裁案例。今天推出：“垃圾处理PPP项目结算纠纷案例”（中国PPP年度发展报告2021），下一期：“中外合作高速公路PPP项目纠纷案例”，将发表于中国PPP年度发展报告（2022），敬请关注！

摘要：申请人的城市垃圾处理PPP项目通过公开招标方式选择运营商。在项目的投标阶段，申请人的招标文件中关于垃圾处理付费的标准和计算，与常见的招标文件有不同的规定，但被申请人对此并没有提出异议，也没有要求澄清。在合同签订后，双方在履行过程中，对于垃圾处理费的付费采取了模糊态度，即被申请人按照自己的理解申请付费，申请人也没有认真核对，即行付费。双方也以不正式的方式对合同的付费标准和计算进行了更改，但与合同约定不一致，但双方继续履行没有出现纠纷。在某市审计局进行审计时发现双方没有按照合同约定履行合同，有违法行为，要求纠正，双方由此产生纠纷。双方的纠纷主要为两个方面：一、在程序上双方先通过专家委员会解决，但双方对专家的组成，专家的建议，专家建议的性质认识不一致。在仲裁问题上，双方约定的部分条款含义不清，互相矛盾；二、在实体问题上，双方对招标文件、合同付费计算标准的理解不一致；双方对合同约定与行业标准发生矛盾的解释问题上也有重大分歧；在履行中，对合同变更的有效性分歧也较大。

Abstract: The applicant's urban waste treatment PPP project selects operators through public bidding. In the bidding stage of the project, the applicant’s bidding documents on the standards and calculations of garbage disposal fees were different from those in common bidding documents, but the respondent did not raise any objections to this and did not ask for clarification. After the contract was signed, both parties adopted a vague attitude towards the payment of garbage disposal fees during the performance process, that is, the respondent applied for the payment according to his own understanding, and the applicant did not carefully check it, and immediately paid. Both parties also made changes to the contract's payment standards and calculations in an informal way, but they were inconsistent with the contract, but the two parties continued to perform without disputes. During an audit conducted by the city Audit Bureau it was discovered that the two parties did not perform the contract in accordance with the contract and violated the law and requested correction. This resulted in disputes between the two parties. The disputes between the two parties are mainly in two aspects: 1. In terms of procedures, the two parties first resolve the matter through an expert committee, but the two parties have inconsistent understandings of the composition of experts, their suggestions, and the nature of expert suggestions. On the issue of arbitration, the meanings of some clauses agreed by the two parties are unclear and contradictory; 2. On substantive issues, the two parties have inconsistent understandings of the bidding documents and contract payment calculation standards; on the interpretation of the contradiction between the contract agreement and the industry standard There are also major disagreements; in the implementation, there are also major disagreements on the validity of contract changes.

裁判思路：PPP/BOT项目合同条款的变更是否有效，取决于变更是否遵循合同约定的条件和程序；合同支付条款是否错误和重复计算，应以是否实际发生为准；合同条款是否与行业习惯不一致，应参照有关行业的标准；如果不一致，也不影响合同条款的效力，在合同条款变更前双方应按照合同的约定履行。

关键词：PPP、BOT项目，垃圾压缩处理，合同变更纠纷，合同与行业习惯，支付计算错误。

Keywords: PPP, BOT projects, garbage compression treatment, contract change disputes, contract and industry habits, payment calculation errors.

本文共分三个部分：

一、案情；

二、双方争议的焦点和相关法律问题分析;

三、风险提示及建议

全文共计1.5万字。详细内容见中国PPP年度发展报告2021年社会科学文件出版社。

李成林律师简介

联合国贸法会（中国贸促会）投资争议专家、国家财政部、国家发改委PPP 高级专家，中国政法大学PPP研究中心专家组成员，中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会仲裁员，中国海事仲裁委员会仲裁员，英国皇家仲裁院资深会员，一带一路仲裁院仲裁员。曾任世界５００强大型企业、跨国公司的高级律师、法官和大学教授等工作。

先后编写了《PPP项目合同操作指引：起草、修改和谈判》、《中国PPP蓝皮书》、《一带一路国家工程与投资法律制度及风险防范》、《中国人民银行法原理与实务》、《经济法基础》、《境外工程承包指南》、《FIDIC 合同审核指南》等专著；

发表了《Double Insurance and Fraud》等三篇英文论文和《论合同所失利益》等专业论文，以及《论金融机构的地位、作用和合法权益保护的八个问题－ＰＰＰ条例的修改与完善》、《ＰＰＰ条例与现行法律的矛盾与冲突的解决》等文章。

长期从事境内外重大基础设施投融资的非诉讼法律服务，如铁路、公路、桥梁、机场、电厂等以DBO/ＥＰＣ／ＢＯＴ／ＰＰＰ等模式项目的招投标，项目合同的起草和谈判，提供法律意见等。

参与了重大案件的纠纷解决，如代理过基础设施、工程、金融、国际贸易、房地产、海商等案件的诉讼和仲裁；出席了中国国际贸易仲裁委员会、香港、新加坡、中东、伦敦等仲裁机构及最高法院的开庭审理等，创立了.overseaslaws（涉外法律服务平台）和平台微信号：fls18500254045。

Chenglin Li currently works as a PPP Legal Advisor for National Development and Reform Commission and Financial Department of China, as well as China University of Political Science and Law. He is also an senior arbitrator of CETAC, CMAC,  B&R Court of Arbitration Commission as well as the Chartered institute of arbitrator. He provides legal service for  infrastructure projects in mode of PPP, EPC, BOT, BOOT, BT, ECI and DBA, etc.

惠诚全国PPP法律事务中心简介

　　惠诚律师所全国PPP法律事务中心，是由惠诚北京总所牵头，全国20家分所专业研究PPP法律的160多位专业律师组成，惠诚PPP律师团队由三名国家发改委和财政部PPP专家库双库专家，分别为PPP法律事务中心主任薛起堂，副主任傅晓博士和李成林律师。在国家发改委主管的中国采购与招标网的评选中，北京市惠诚律师事务所荣获“2015年度中国PPP项目十佳律师事务所”和“2015年度交通PPP项目首选律师事务所”，团队的薛起堂律师还荣获“中国PPP项目金牌律师”称号。

　　惠诚PPP律师团队对PPP项目、政府采购、招投标法律有着大量的实践操作经验，能为各级政府和社会资本方提供PPP项目全过程法律服务，保证PPP项目合法合规，降低法律风险。团队成员已为全国各地一百余个PPP项目提供了法律服务，总投资额达2000多亿元。惠诚律师保证每个参与的项目都没有法律风险，赢得了客户的一致好评。惠诚PPP律师团队擅长处理PPP项目合同纠纷，已经处理了全国30多个PPP项目纠纷。惠诚PPP律师团队将竭诚为各地政府、企业提供专业高效的PPP项目法律服务。联系人惠诚PPP法律事务中心秘书长：刘佳奇010-66080518、13120258125。